To illustrate the point, poor placental nutrient transfer in the second trimester of pregnancy leads to early-onset fetal growth restriction (FGR) including impaired skeletal growth, 16 whereas in later pregnancy, it leads to the depletion of fetal fat stores. 15 It should, therefore, be self-evident that the concept of the differential growth velocity of fetal structures is in conflict with the practice of using single summary indicators of fetal growth, such as estimated fetal weight (EFW). 12, 13, 14 However, the use of such distance growth charts in clinical practice may not be sufficient to identify fetuses at a risk of adverse outcomes because (1) actual rates of skeletal and organ growth differ across time, and (2) insults at different time points during pregnancy almost certainly have differential effects on the growth and development of the skeleton and individual organs. To our knowledge, the only published international fetal growth charts that conform completely to the WHO prescriptive recommendations are those constructed using data from the INTERGROWTH-21 st Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study (FGLS). 5, 8, 9, 10 Charts should conform to the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) for monitoring human growth and be based on the prescriptive approach, that is, they should be international standards, derived from healthy populations that have minimal nutritional, environmental, or socioeconomic constraints on growth. 3, 7 Specific charts for each objective should be purposely derived from several anthropometric measures obtained longitudinally from the same fetuses and expressed as distance or velocity measures. In contrast, growth is a change in a measure per unit of time-hence, a dynamic process. 3, 4, 5, 6 Size is an individual measure taken at a specific point in time repeated size measures represent distant variations in size. However, size and growth are not synonymous terms-a fact that is frequently ignored or misunderstood. They perfectly complement our existing fetal growth standards (distance), which are already being used clinically in many settings. ![]() Add your first figure and second figure together to get your total Z kg.These standards may be valuable if one wants to study the pathophysiology of fetal growth comprehensively. ![]() So, multiply your Y pounds figure by 0.45359237 to give you the second figure. So, multiply your X stone figure by 6.35029318 to give you the first figure. If you want to know how many kilograms there are in X stone and Y pounds, try the following: How to convert stone AND pounds to kilograms Advertisements How to convert stone to kilogramsĪs there are 6.35029318 kilograms in a stone, to convert stone to kilograms you simply multiply your stone figure by 6.35029318. Should you wish to convert kilos to pounds only, you can use the converter here.
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